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Pre-eclampsia will be lost during childbirth, so that when pre-eclampsia occurred in the final weeks of pregnancy, the doctor will take action to immediately remove the baby. But if preeclampsia occurs early in pregnancy, the doctor will try to prolong the pregnancy until the baby is deemed to have been enough to be born.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of preklamsia is rise in blood pressure (hypertension) and protein levels in the urine of excessive (proteinuria), after the pregnancy reaches 20 weeks. Excess protein will affect the kidneys work. Other symptoms that can occur, among others:
- Headache vision problems, including temporary blindness, blurry vision and is more sensitive to light / glare.
- Pain upper abdomen, usually under the ribs on the right.
- Vomiting.
- Dizziness.
- Reduced volume of urine.
- Weight loss is rising rapidly, usually over 2 kg per week.
- Swelling (edema) on the face and hands, often accompanies pre-eclampsia though not always, because edema often occurs in normal pregnancies.
CAUSE :
Pre-eclampsia formerly known as toxemia, because the expected presence of toxin in the bloodstream of pregnant women. Although this theory has been disproved, but the cause of pre-eclampsia until now unknown. Other causes are thought to occur, are:
- Abnormalities of blood flow to the uterus.
- Damage to blood vessels.
- Problems with the immune system.
- Diet or consumption of the wrong foods.
RISK FACTORS
Preeclampsia occurs only during pregnancy, so the risk factor, among others:
A) History preklamsia. Pregnant women with a family history of suffering from preeclampsia increases the risk of preeclampsia affected part.
B) first pregnancy. In the first pregnancy, the risk of developing preeclampsia is much higher.
C) Age. Pregnant women aged over 35 years will be greater risk of suffering preklamsia.
D) Obesity. Preeclampsia more common in pregnant women who are obese.
E) twin pregnancies. Carrying twins also increases the risk of preeclampsia.
F) Pregnancy with diabetes. Women with diabetes during pregnancy have a risk of preeclampsia as the development of pregnancy.
G) History of hypertension. Conditions such as chronic hypertension before pregnancy, diabetes, kidney disease or lupus, will increase the risk of preeclampsia.
Research in 2006 against pregnant women with high protein content, are known to affect the development and function of blood vessels. This conclusion refutes the theory that preeclampsia is caused due to abnormalities of blood vessels to the placenta. But blood tests remain an effective tool to diagnose preeclampsia.
EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS
Pre-eclampsia otherwise if you have hypertension and high urine protein levels, in pregnancies over 20 weeks. This diagnosis became known only when you perform a routine examination prior to birth.
Normal blood pressure during pregnancy, usually lower than 130/85 mmHg. Above 140/90 mmHg are still to be declared normal, if only happens once. But when dipemeriksaan repeated blood pressure is still normal, may indicate the existence of abnormalities.
More thorough examination will be carried out, accompanied by further tests to determine levels of protein in the urine. The doctor will also advise you to check liver and kidney.
Examination of blood cells was also performed, to find out the possibility that cells inhibit blood flow. Doctors will monitor more closely the development of the fetus, usually by ultrasound.
In order to obtain permanent fetal oxygen supply and adequate food, pregnant women with preklamsia encouraged to perform stress tests to measure the movement of fetal heart rate of infants and babies.
COMPLICATIONS
1. Reduced blood flow to the placenta. Preeclampsia affects the arteries that carry blood to the placenta. If the placenta does not get enough blood, then the fetus will experience a shortage of oxygen and nutrients that slow fetal growth or birth weight less.
2. The liberation from the placenta. Preeclampsia increases the risk of escape of the placenta from the uterine wall before birth, causing bleeding and can threaten the baby or mother.
3. HELLP syndrome. HELLP stands for Hemolyssi (destruction of red blood cells), elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (increased levels of enzymes in the liver and the low number of blood cells in whole blood). Symptoms, dizziness and vomiting, headache and upper abdominal pain.
4. Eclampsia. If preklamsia not controlled, it will happen eclampsia. Eclampsia can cause permanent damage to the mother's body organs, such as brain, liver or kidney. Cause the mother severe eclampsia in a coma, brain damage and even lead to fetal death and his mother.
THERAPY & RESCUE
The only good medicine is to speed up delivery, but in pre-eclampsia in early pregnancy, which can be done is:
Bed rest
Buying time with the baby's birth for a total break down blood pressure and improve blood flow to the placenta, so the baby can survive. You are required to lie in total and are only allowed to sit or stand if it is really necessary. Blood pressure and urinary protein levels will be monitored closely. If preeclampsia is severe, chances are you are asked to rest in the hospital while performing fetal stress test to monitor fetal development.
Hypertension drugs.Your doctor may recommend the use of blood pressure-lowering drugs. In severe preklamsia and HELLP syndrome, drug costicosteroid can improve liver function and blood cells. These drugs also can help grow the baby's lungs when premature birth should occur.
Delivery.This is the last way to overcome pre-eclampsia. In preklamsia acute / severe, doctors will recommend birth prematurely to prevent the worst. Birth is also necessary minimum conditions, such as the readiness of the mother and the baby.
PREVENTION
Because the exact cause is unknown, the doctor will ask pregnant women to reduce salt intake, although considered effective to reduce the risk of preeclampsia.
Check regularly pregnancy, to determine the condition of mother and fetus. Preklamsia is diagnosed early, will help doctors recommend the appropriate treatment for the mother and fetus.
A study in 2006, more than 70 percent of women who take multivitamins and maintain body weight before pregnancy proved preeklamsianya lower risk.
Suspected nutritional supplements can reduce the risk of preeclampsia, but you have to be very selective. Consult your doctor before taking supplements during pregnancy.
OTHER DISORDERS OF BLOOD PRESSURE DURING PREGNANCY
1. Pregnancy hypertension. Pregnant women with hypertension of pregnancy, but do not have excess protein in urine. Pregnancy hypertension can also develop into preeclampsia.
2. Chronic hypertension. The high blood pressure that occurs before the age of 20 weeks gestation or 12 weeks after birth.
3. Preeclampsia superimpose on chronic hypertension. Pregnant women with chronic hypertension before pregnancy and growing worse, because it has excessive protein in urine during pregnancy.
